Alternaria brassicicola causes black spot disease on virtually every important cultivated Brassica species. ESTs were downloaded from the dbEST database at NCBI and are data generated predominately by Thomas Mitchell at NC State University and Adnane Sellam at Universite d'Angers, France. ESTs were sequenced from libraries constructed using A. brassicola mycelium grown under conditions of nitrogen starvation and recovered from infected Brassicas as well as conidia treated with allyl isothiocyanate and camalexin. EST sequences representing rRNA, plant genes and those less than 100 bases in length were removed. Sequence assembly software (Sequencher, Gene Codes Corporation) was used to assemble 3262 ESTs into 3220 unisequences (85% minimum sequence match, 60 bp minimum overlap).

Aspergillus niger is cultured for the industrial production of chemical compounds. ESTs were downloaded from the dbEST database at NCBI and are data generated predominately by A. Tsang at Concordia University, Montreal, Canada. ESTs were sequenced from libraries constructed using A. niger mycelium grown in complete and minimal medium. EST sequences representing rRNA and those less than 100 bases in length were removed. Sequence assembly software (Sequencher, Gene Codes Corporation) was used to assemble 2420 ESTs into 1577 unisequences (80% minimum sequence match, 60 bp minimum overlap).

Blumeria graminis is the causal agent of barley powdery mildew. ESTs were obtained from Sarah Gurr (University of Oxford), Maike Both (Imperial College. London) and from EST datasets produced by the Carlsberg Institute, Denmark from B. graminis conidia and appressoria. EST sequences representing rRNA, host plant genes and those less than 100 bases in length were removed. Sequence assembly software (Sequencher, Gene Codes Corporation) was used to assemble 6944 ESTs into 3241 unisequences (80% minimum sequence match, 60 bp minimum overlap).

Reference: Thomas et al. (2001). Gene identification in the obligate fungal pathogen Blumeria graminis by expressed sequence tag analysis. Fungal. Genet. Biol. 33: 195-211.

ESTs for the grey mould fungus Botryotinia fuckeliana (anamorph Botrytis cinerea) were downloaded from the web site of the French sequencing centre Genoscope. The ESTs were sequenced from a cDNA library constructed from Botryotinia fuckeliana mycelium grown under conditions of nitrogen starvation. Sequence assembly software (Sequencher, Gene Codes Corporation) was used to assemble 6555 ESTs into 2899 unisequences (80% minimum sequence match, 60 bp minimum overlap).

Cladosporium fulvum causes leaf mould of tomato. ESTs were downloaded from the dbEST database at NCBI. The ESTs had been sequenced from an in vitro expressed cDNA library constructed from C. fulvum mycelium by Professor Richard Oliver (now at Murdoch University, Australia). Sequence assembly software (Sequencher, Gene Codes Corporation) was used to assemble 594 ESTs into 512 unisequences (80% minimum sequence match, 60 bp minimum overlap).

Colletotrichum gloeosporioides f. sp. aeschynomene causes anthracnose disease on Aeschynomene virginica, a noxious weed which infests rice and soybean fields in North America. ESTs were kindly provided by Amir Sharon from Tel Aviv University, Israel. 1641 ESTs were assembled into 1413 unisequences using Sequencher (Gene Codes Corporation) (85% minimum sequence match, 60 bp minimum overlap).

Colletotrichum trifolii is the causal agent of alfalfa anthracnose disease. ESTs were downloaded from the dbEST database at NCBI. The ESTs had been sequenced from a cDNA library constructed from C. trifolli mycelium by Deborah Samac at the University of Minnesota. 569 sequences which represented ribosomal RNA were removed from the EST set and the remaining 1044 ESTs were assembled into 540 unisequences using Sequencher (Gene Codes Corporation) (80% minimum sequence match, 60 bp minimum overlap).

ESTs for the chestnut blight fungus Cryphonectria parasitica were kindly provided by Angus Dawe and Don Nuss from the University of Maryland Biotechnology Institute. ESTs were sequenced from a cDNA library constructed from wild-type (strain EP155) and hypovirus-infected cultures. Sequence assembly software (Sequencher, Gene Codes Corporation) was used to assemble 4216 ESTs into 2184 unisequences (80% minimum sequence match, 60 bp minimum overlap).

Reference: Dawes et al. (2003) An ordered collection of expressed sequences from Cryphonectria parasitica and evidence of genomic microsynteny with Neurospora crassa and Magnaporthe grisea. Microbiology 149: 2373-84.

Emericella nidulans (anamorph Aspergillus nidulans) is a useful model organism for the study of cell biology and gene regulation. ESTs were downloaded from the dbEST database at NCBI and are data generated predominately by Bruce Roe and Patricia Ayoubi at the University of Oklahoma. ESTs were sequenced from libraries constructed using E. nidulans vegatative mycelium, cleistothecium and early sexual structures. EST sequences representing rRNA and those less than 100 bases in length were removed. Sequence assembly software (Sequencher, Gene Codes Corporation) was used to assemble 16337 ESTs into 6574 unisequences (80% minimum sequence match, 60 bp minimum overlap).

Fusarium sporotrichioides is one of the causal agents of Fusarium head blight of wheat. ESTs were downloaded from the dbEST database at NCBI. ESTs were sequenced from a Tri 10 overexpressed cDNA library. Fusarium sporotrichioides EST data was produced by Bruce Roe, Qun Ren, Andy Peterson, Doris Kupfer, HongShing Lai, Marian Beremand, Andrew Peplow and Andrew Tag at the University of Oklahoma and Texas A&M University. Sequence assembly software (Sequencher, Gene Codes Corporation) was used to assemble 7501 ESTs into 3435 unisequences (80% minimum sequence match, 60 bp minimum overlap).

Reference: Peplow et al. (2003). Identification of new genes positively regulated by tri10 and a regulatory network for trichothecene mycotoxin production. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 69: 2731-6.

Gibberella zeae (anamorph Fusarium graminearum) is one of the causal agents of Fusarium head blight of wheat. ESTs were downloaded from the dbEST database and are data generated by Frances Trail at Michigan State University, Robert Watson, Linda Harris, Johann Schernthaner and Therese Oullet at Eastern Cereal and Oilseed Research Centre, Ontario, Canada and Jin-Rong Xu at Purdue University. EST sequences representing rRNA and those less than 100 bases in length were removed. Sequence assembly software (Sequencher, Gene Codes Corporation) was used to assemble 18628 ESTs into 4672 unisequences (80% minimum sequence match, 60 bp minimum overlap). ESTs were sequenced from cDNA libraries constructed from mature perithecia and mycelium grown under a variey of conditions (nitrogen starvation, carbon starvation, grown on wheat, grown in conditions to optimise trichothecene production, stressed, grown on minimal media, grown on complex plant substrate, grown on V8 plates) from G. zeae.

Reference: Trail et al. (2003). Analysis of expressed sequence tags from Gibberella zeae (anamorph Fusarium graminearum). Fungal. Genet. Biol. 38: 187-197.

Glomerella cingulata (anamorph Colletotrichum gloeosporioides) causes summer rot on a number of fruit species. ESTs were downloaded from the dbEST database and are data generated by Abdul Munir Abdul Murad at Universiti Kebangsaan, Malaysia. Sequence assembly software (Sequencher, Gene Codes Corporation) was used to assemble 942 ESTs into 783 unisequences (85% minimum sequence match, 60 bp minimum overlap). ESTs were sequenced from cDNA libraries constructed from mycelium, appressoria and germinating conidia.

Leptosphaeria maculans causes blackleg of oilseed rape. ESTs were downloaded from the dbEST database and are data generated by Barbara Howlett at the University of Melbourne, Australia and Jed Christianson at CSIRO, Australia. Sequence assembly software (Sequencher, Gene Codes Corporation) was used to assemble 1285 ESTs into 898 unisequences (80% minimum sequence match, 60 bp minimum overlap). ESTs were sequenced from cDNA libraries constructed from mycelium grown in V8 medium and recovered from infected Brassica napus leaf tissue.

Magnaporthe grisea is the causal agent of rice blast disease. ESTs were downloaded from the dbEST database and are data generated predominantly by Ralph Dean at North Carolina State Biotechnology Center (and formerly Clemson University) and Professor Dan Ebbole at Texas A&M University. Sequence assembly software (Sequencher, Gene Codes Corporation) was used to assemble 53225 ESTs into 12454 unisequences (80% minimum sequence match, 60 bp minimum overlap). ESTs were sequenced from cDNA libraries constructed using unstarved mycelium, carbon-starved mycelium, nitrogen-starved mycelium, conidia and appressoria from M. grisea.

Reference: Ebbole et al. (2004). Gene discovery and gene expression in the rice blast fungus, Magnaporthe grisea: analysis of expressed sequence tags. Mol Plant-Microbe Interact. 17: 1337-47.

Mycosphaerella graminicola is the causal agent of wheat leaf spot. ESTs were obtained by sequencing three cDNA libraries constructed at IACR-Long Ashton by John Hargreaves and John Keon. Two libraries were constructed from fungal mycelium grown in liquid culture (one with ammonium ions as a source of nitrogen and the other grown in wheat leaf extract) and one from fungal infected plant material. Sequence assembly software (Sequencher, Gene Codes Corporation) was used to assemble 5181 ESTs into 2910 unisequences (80% minimum sequence match, 60 bp minimum overlap).

Reference: Keon et al. (2000). A group of expressed cDNA sequences from the wheat fungal leaf blotch pathogen, Mycosphaerella graminicola (Septoria tritici). Fungal. Genet. Biol. 29: 118-33.

The orange bread mould Neurospora crassa is a model organism for genetic and biochemical studies. ESTs were downloaded from the dbEST database at NCBI and are data generated by Bruce Roe at University of Oklahoma and D. Natvig and M. Nelson at University of New Mexico. ESTs were sequenced from libraries constructed using N. crassa conidia, perithecia and mycelium grown in complete medium, under nitrogen starvation and mycelium harvested in the morning and evening. EST sequences representing rRNA and those less than 100 bases in length were removed. Sequence assembly software (Sequencher, Gene Codes Corporation) was used to assemble 27763 ESTs into 5142 unisequences (80% minimum sequence match, 60 bp minimum overlap).

Reference: Zhu et al. (2001). Analysis of expressed sequence tags from two starvation, time-of-day-specific libraries of Neurospora crassa reveals novel clock-controlled genes. Genetics 157: 1057-65.

Ophiostoma novo-ulmi is the causal agent of Dutch Elm Disease. ESTs were downloaded from the dbEST database and are data generated by Louis Bernier at Laval University, Quebec, Canada. Sequence assembly software (Sequencher, Gene Codes Corporation) was used to assemble 554 ESTs into 434 unisequences (85% minimum sequence match, 60 bp minimum overlap). ESTs were sequenced from cDNA libraries constructed from mycelium, perithecia, and asexual fruit bodies.

Phaeosphaeria nodorum (anamorph Stagonospora nodorum) causes glume blotch of wheat. ESTs were downloaded from the dbEST database and are data generated by Richard Oliver at Murdoch University, Australia. Sequence assembly software (Sequencher, Gene Codes Corporation) was used to assemble 1157 ESTs into 945 unisequences (85% minimum sequence match, 60 bp minimum overlap). ESTs were sequenced from cDNA libraries constructed from mycelium, perithecia, and asexual fruit bodies.

The oomycete Phytophthora infestans is the causal agent of potato late blight. ESTs were downloaded from the dbEST database at NCBI and most of them were sequenced from a cDNA library constructed from P. infestans mycelium by Francine Govers at Wageningen University, Netherlands. Sequence assembly software (Sequencher, Gene Codes Corporation) was used to assemble 2135 ESTs into 1413 unisequences (80% minimum sequence match, 60 bp minimum overlap).

Reference: Kamoun et al. (1999). Initial assessment of gene diversity for the oomycete pathogen Phytophthora infestans based on expressed sequences. Fungal. Genet. Biol. 28: 94-106.

The oomycete Phytophthora sojae is the causal agent of Phytophthora root and stem rot. ESTs were downloaded from the dbEST database at NCBI. They were mainly sequenced by Brett Tyler at Virginia Tech University and Mark Gizjen at Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada. ESTs were sequenced from cDNA libraries constructed using P. sojae zoospores, P. sojae mycelium and soybean hypocotyl infected with P. sojae. EST sequences representing rRNA, soybean sequences and those less than 100 bases in length were removed. Sequence assembly software (Sequencher, Gene Codes Corporation) was used to assemble 27348 ESTs into 7273 unisequences (80% minimum sequence match, 60 bp minimum overlap).

Reference: Qutob et al. (2000). Comparative analysis of expressed sequences in Phytophthora sojae. Plant Physiol. 123: 243-54.

ESTs for the white mould fungus Sclerotinia sclerotiorum were kindly provided by Dwayne Hegedus from Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada. ESTs were sequenced from a cDNA library constructed from S. sclerotiorum grown for ten days on minimal salts citrus pectin medium.

Reference: Li et al. (2004). Interaction of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum with a resistant Brassica napus cultivar: expressed sequence tag analysis identifies genes associated with fungal pathogenesis. Fungal Genet Biol. 41: 735-53.

ESTs from the corn smut pathogen Ustilago maydis were downloaded from the dbEST database at NCBI. They were mainly sequenced by Barry Saville at the University of Toronto, Canada. ESTs were sequenced from libraries constructed from germinating teliospores and diploid mycelium from U. maydis. EST sequences representing rRNA and those less than 100 bases in length were removed. Sequence assembly software (Sequencher, Gene Codes Corporation) was used to assemble 9782 ESTs into 4275 unisequences (85% minimum sequence match, 60 bp minimum overlap).

References: Nugent et al. (2004). Gene expression during Ustilago maydis diploid filamentous growth: EST library creation and analyses. Fungal Genet Biol. 41: 349-60.

Sacadura and Saville (2003). Gene expression and EST analyses of Ustilago maydis germinating teliospores. Fungal Genet Biol. 40: 47-64.

1455 unisequences from the vascular wilt pathogen Verticillium dahliae were kindly provided by Kathy Dobinson from the Southern Crop Protection and Food Research Centre, Canada. ESTs were sequenced from two cDNA libraries, one constructed from developing microsclerotia and the other from axenic cultures grown in a liquid simulated xylem fluid medium.

Reference: Neumann and Dobinson (2003). Sequence tag analysis of gene expression during pathogenic growth and microsclerotia development in the vascular wilt pathogen Verticillium dahliae. Fungal Genet Biol. 38: 54-62.